Groundwater Quality and Potential Human Health Risk Assessment for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes: A Case Study in the Semiarid Region of North China

Groundwater is a valuable water source for drinking and irrigation purposes in semiarid regions. pollution may affect human health if it not pretreated provided use. This study investigated the hydrochemical characteristics driving groundwater quality potential risks Xinzhou Basin, Shanxi Province, North China. More specifically, we first using descriptive statistical analysis method. We then classified types analyzed evolution mechanisms of Piper Gibbs diagrams. Finally, appraised entropy index (EWQI). assessed associated different age sex groups through intake dermal contact pathways. Overall, found that (1) Ca-HCO3 Ca·Mg-HCO3 were dominant mainly governed by rock weathering water–rock interactions. (2) Based on EWQI classifications, 67.74% samples as medium acceptable purpose. According to values sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual carbonate (RSC) soluble percentage (%Na), 90.32% suitable irrigation, while remaining unfit because high salinity groundwater. (3) Some contaminants groundwater, such NO3−, NO2− F−, exceeded standard limits cause health. Our work presented this paper could establish reasonable management strategies sustainable protection protect public